Immigration Conundrum
Immigration Conundrum
My next Czar is Immigration-Alan Bersin (Former US attorney): During his time with the Clinton Administration, Bersin implemented Operation Gatekeeper -- an increase in border enforcement that attracted much criticism. The operation cost the U.S. roughly $800 million dollars and doubled the amount of border patrol agents and fences. (By Hoa Quach, SDNN)
Since Operation Gatekeeper was a massive failure and with Bersin as the border czar, that will be a massive failure as well unless he makes more changes. I did a little research in order to figure out for myself why it is a failure. Afterall, hiring more guards was certainly a great idea supported by most people. However, hiring was only the first step. Many of you know that there has been some major issues concerning policy and immigration laws. One very important problem is the fact that border guards have followed policy and found themselves in a courtroom. Read an example:
Border guards are sent to prison for shooting a drug smuggler. http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,314707,00.html
People were outraged. Judges finally agree that the jury didn't get all the story so they were released, but I imagine their lives were ruined and all border guards affected. http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,494565,00.html
In 2006 legislation passed that required an increase in Border Patrol Guards in the thousands. For FY 2006, the U.S. Department of Home¬land Security estimates that the cost to hire, train, and equip one additional new Border Patrol agent is $187,955. So how much benefit would we get from that money? More if certain factors were addressed and changed.
Factors that significantly undermine the effectiveness of the Border Patrol:
* The disparity between incomes earned in the U.S. and in Mexico and other Latin American countries means that illegal aliens seeking a better life will always have a strong incentive to cross the border.
* The deterrent effect is undercut because those who are caught are not sanctioned for illegally entering the United States.
* Stricter enforcement causes those illegal's already in the country to stay longer.
* The practice of allowing illegal border crossings to meet labor demands also impair potential effectiveness.
Website: http://www.heritage.org/Research/Immigration/bg1952.cfm
The first factor or problem of income being pretty self-explanatory.
So the 2nd factor: Deterrence Theory: increasing the risk of apprehension and punishment for crime deters individuals from committing crime. If the cost of crossing the border that is imposed by increased border enforcement outweighs the economic and social benefits derived from working and living in the United States, individuals will be less likely to cross the border illegally.
More border guards means more apprehensions, however the penalty is a slap on the wrist. Basically, we make them sign a voluntary departure form and send them back to Mexico. In 1998-1.6 million caught and signed the form, yet only 1.25% were prosecuted Honestly, the cost of being apprehended is merely the value of a lost day of working in the States. Unless the punishment is made stricter, there will be no incentive to stop trying.
According to this study(see website reference below): "Unfortunately, though adding more border patrol will increase the number of illegal's caught by 971,000 to 1,404,000 individuals, it will also serve to decrease the number already in the country leaving." In other words, increased risk of being caught will keep illegal's from wanting to leave because they may not be able to get back. Also, as it is right now, an illegal may borrow money to cover the cost of getting across the border and that money is owed whether they are successful or not. So if unsuccessful, in order to pay back the debt, they know that they can make more money here in the states so they will attempt to cross as long as it takes to be successful because the penalty if caught is minimal compared to the benefits. So if we stop more with additional guards, we also in effect, keep more from deciding to return. That would indicate that the immigration agents within should change policy in order to find the illegals here and send them back. Once back in their country, with stricter enforcement by increased guards, they will be unlikely to try to return.
Illegal's are not just from Mexico, though they will cross over from there because it is the easiest way to enter. Many border guards have been reported to say that 1 in 10 caught are Middle Eastern. It is widely known that Spanish and Islamic terrorist groups use Mexico as a safe haven and an easier place of entry due to the extreme ease and light tapping on the wrist if caught.
Concerning the fourth factor that causes failure of "Gatekeeper" is that immigrant workers are needed by many buisnesses such as agriculture and the service industries. W. P. Carey School economics professor Kent Hill said that there are "winners and losers," economically-speaking, from immigration. The "winners," Hill said, include the businesses that employ lower-cost immigrant workers and shoppers who benefit from lower prices. "Losers" include those American workers who compete with immigrants for jobs.
Though I want illegal immigration to stop and support those who want to come here that do it legally; there are some hard truths that we must address. Immigrant workers are in demand. They take the jobs at a low pay which is actually higher pay than what they get in their own country. These people make a reasonable living and in turn, spend their money here. The implications that would arise in our economy if these low-skilled workers were not here is far-reaching. (as much as I hate to admit it) "If low-skill immigrants are filling gaps in the labor market, they're making possible economic activity that wouldn't otherwise happen," said Judith Gans, manager of the Immigration Policy Program at the University of Arizona." Basically, this is how I understand it: If we slowed the availability of low-skilled workers, then those businesses wouldn't be able to produce as much, therefore causing higher-paid workers to lose their jobs; in turn that would cause a steeper rise in unemployment and a drop in the taxes that they pay which in turn effects all aspects of the consumers life. It is a domino effect. Border towns have seen a sharp decrease in revenue since the border has been tightened. In Arizona alone, 40% of their gross state product was generated by businesses that hire low-skilled immigrants. It is a hard truth but one to consider. And American's could take these jobs but these businesses couldn't afford the wages, the unions or the cost of benefits.
A big negative cost is of turning a blind eye to border crossings during the peak need for cheap labor is one that many have argued about. Our gov't has the cost of treating these illegal's who come across the border and suffer from a number of illnesses (Santa Cruz spent over a million treating them) or autopsy costs for the many who die trying to cross or thereafter. Those captured incur tremendous costs such as incarceration, attorney's fees, and deportation.
With widespread agreement -- among economists and policy analysts, at least -- that the benefits of immigrant workers on whole outweigh the costs, the key to immigration reform, panelists suggested, is to design a system flexible enough to retain those benefits. Ah, there's the rub! This is an Immigration Conundrum.
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